North Korea has fired a ballistic missile across Japan, its second such move in weeks.
South Korea's military said the missile reached an estimated altitude of about 770km (478 miles) and travelled 3,700km before landing in the sea off Hokkaido.
Japan's PM Shinzo Abe said his country would "never tolerate" such "dangerous provocative action".
"If North Korea continues to walk down this path, it has no bright future," he said in a statement.
Minutes after the launch, South Korea fired two ballistic missiles into the sea in a simulated strike on North Korea, reported Yonhap news agency.
President Moon Jae-in held an emergency meeting of his national security council, where he said that dialogue with the North was "impossible in a situation like this", reported Yonhap news agency.
Mr Moon was elected earlier this year after campaigning partly on conducting more dialogue with Pyongyang.
The South Korean military said the latest launch - the first since sanctions were tightened this week - took place from the Sunan airfield north of Pyongyang just before 07:00 local time (22:00 GMT on Thursday).
As with the last launch, it flew over Japan's northern Hokkaido island before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.
Sirens sounded across the region and text message alerts were sent out warning people to take cover.
According to the initial estimates, the missile flew considerably higher and further than the one fired on 29 August, which Pyongyang had warned was only "the first step" in its military operations in the Pacific.
Observers said it was likely an intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM), though Japanese officials said there was still a possibility it had been an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM
This test came as a surprise to nobody.
North Korea is steadily proceeding down the path to full ICBM capability. To do that, it needs to test-fire its projectiles - every other missile-armed nation has done the same.
It started this spring by firing its new longer-range Hwasong missiles into the Sea of Japan, then flew one over Hokkaido in August. Next it tested a powerful nuclear device, which it claims it can put on a missile.
Now it has tested another intermediate range missile at longer range and higher altitude.
The next step will almost certainly be a test of the Hwasong-14 ICBM over Japan and far out into the Pacific.
The aim of all this is to develop and deploy a reliable missile that can hit the mainland US
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